chooses the best available option: 1. Exact/identity match 2. Trivial conversion 3. Promotion 4. Promotion + trivial conversion 5. Standard conversion 6. Standard conversion + trivial conversion 1)Promotions (Rank 2) 62 The following standard conversions count as promotions: • Integral promotion • unsigned short ➜ unsigned int or int (depending on your platform) • short ➜ int • char ➜ int point promotion • float ➜ doublePromotions (Rank 2) 63 void f( int ); // (1) void f( double ); // (2) int main() { short v = 42; f( v ); } // Calls (1) (integral promotion, rank

put(int c, FILE *f);  In each case, the compiler promotes charto intto achieve the match.  That promotion may generate additional code that executes at run time. 15 Best Matches and Ambiguities  In “cheap” array-to-pointer conversion qualification conversion etc. integral promotion Promotion floating-point promotion integral conversion Conversion “expensive” floating-point conversion pointer “cheap” array-to-pointer conversion qualification conversion etc. integral promotion Promotion floating-point promotion integral conversion Conversion “expensive” floating-point conversion pointer

. . . 152 14 Conversion and Promotion 154 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 9 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 10 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . 152 14 Conversion and Promotion 154 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 9 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 10 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . 152 14 Conversion and Promotion 154 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 9 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 10 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 14 Conversion and Promotion 161 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Defining Promotion Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 11 12 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS Type Precision Number of bits Float16

. . . 152 14 Conversion and Promotion 154 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 9 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 10 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 14 Conversion and Promotion 163 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Defining Promotion Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 11 12 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS Type Precision Number of bits Float16

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 14 Conversion and Promotion 161 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Defining Promotion Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 11 12 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS Type Precision Number of bits Float16

. . . 152 14 Conversion and Promotion 154 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 9 CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 10 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"