Being Friendly to Your Hardware Performance Engineering A gentle introduction to hardware for software engineers 2Where does C++ run? 3On an abstract C++ machine 4On an abstract C++ machine? specialty instructions, on-core and off- core accelerators • Data layout: both software and hardware characteristics 84 src dst • Alignment: source and destination • Size • Direction • LinearityExample

2004-2015 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 10 1.1 Why is virtualization useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 Some terminology . 64-bit guests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2 Emulated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3 General settings . . . 68 4.4 Hardware-accelerated graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.4.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9) . . . . . . . . . 68 4.4.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration

2004-2015 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 11 1.1 Why is virtualization useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2 Some terminology . 64-bit guests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.2 Emulated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3 General settings . . . 71 4.4 Hardware-accelerated graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.4.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9) . . . . . . . . . 71 4.4.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration

2004-2016 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 11 1.1 Why is virtualization useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2 Some terminology . 64-bit guests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 Emulated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3 General settings . . . 72 4.4 Hardware-accelerated graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 4.4.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9) . . . . . . . . . 73 4.4.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration

2004-2020 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 12 1.1 Why is virtualization useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.2 Some terminology . Unattended guest installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3 Emulated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.4 General settings . . . 76 4.5 Hardware-accelerated graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4.5.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9) . . . . . . . . . 76 4.5.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration

2004-2018 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents 1 First steps 12 1.1 Why is virtualization useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.2 Some terminology . Unattended guest installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3 Emulated hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.4 General settings . . . 76 4.5 Hardware-accelerated graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4.5.1 Hardware 3D acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9) . . . . . . . . . 76 4.5.2 Hardware 2D video acceleration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 7 Host-Guest Communication Manager 285 7.1 Virtual hardware implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 7.2 Protocol specification represents userspace code. At the bottom of the stack resides the hypervisor – the core of the virtualization engine, con- trolling execution of the virtual machines and making sure they do not conflict mentioned blocks. This API, which we call the “Main API”, exposes the entire feature set of the virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 15 Contents 7 Host-Guest Communication Manager 315 7.1 Virtual hardware implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 7.2 Protocol specification represents userspace code. At the bottom of the stack resides the hypervisor – the core of the virtualization engine, con- trolling execution of the virtual machines and making sure they do not conflict mentioned blocks. This API, which we call the “Main API”, exposes the entire feature set of the virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 7 Host-Guest Communication Manager 351 7.1 Virtual hardware implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 7.2 Protocol specification represents userspace code. At the bottom of the stack resides the hypervisor – the core of the virtualization engine, con- trolling execution of the virtual machines and making sure they do not conflict mentioned blocks. This API, which we call the “Main API”, exposes the entire feature set of the virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 7 Host-Guest Communication Manager 351 7.1 Virtual hardware implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 7.2 Protocol specification represents userspace code. At the bottom of the stack resides the hypervisor – the core of the virtualization engine, con- trolling execution of the virtual machines and making sure they do not conflict mentioned blocks. This API, which we call the “Main API”, exposes the entire feature set of the virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces)