Hello 演算法 Python 語言版 作者：靳宇棟（@krahets） 程式碼審閱：靳宇棟（@krahets） Release 1.2.0 2024‑12‑06 序 兩年前，我在力扣上分享了“劍指 Offer”系列題解，受到了許多讀者的鼓勵與支持。在與讀者交流期間，我 最常被問到的一個問題是“如何入門演算法”。漸漸地，我對這個問題產生了濃厚的興趣。 兩眼一抹黑地刷題似乎是最受歡迎 住它們， 以便閱讀文獻。 ‧ 重點內容和總結性語句會 加粗，這類文字值得特別關注。 ‧ 有特指含義的詞句會使用“引號”標註，以避免歧義。 ‧ 當涉及程式語言之間不一致的名詞時，本書均以 Python 為準，例如使用 None 來表示“空”。 ‧ 本書部分放棄了程式語言的註釋規範，以換取更加緊湊的內容排版。註釋主要分為三種類型：標題註 釋、內容註釋、多行註釋。 第 0 章 前言 www 0‑5 程式碼塊與對應的源程式碼檔案 除了本地執行程式碼，網頁版還支持 Python 程式碼的視覺化執行（基於 pythontutor 實現）。如圖 0‑6 所 示，你可以點選程式碼塊下方的“視覺化執行”來展開檢視，觀察演算法程式碼的執行過程；也可以點選“全 屏觀看”，以獲得更好的閱覽體驗。 圖 0‑6 Python 程式碼的視覺化執行 第 0 章 前言 www.hello‑algo.com

cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It August 2000: Interactive 3D and real-time engine. 2.10 -- December 2000: New engine, physics, and Python. 2.20 -- August 2001: Character animation system. 2.21 -- October 2001: Blender Publisher launch release, cool GLSL shaders, lights and GE improvements, snap, sky simulator, Shrinkwrap modifier, and Python editing improvements. This contained the results Project Apricot. 2.49 -- June 2009: Node-based

cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It August 2000: Interactive 3D and real-time engine. 2.10 -- December 2000: New engine, physics, and Python. 2.20 -- August 2001: Character animation system. 2.21 -- October 2001: Blender Publisher launch release, cool GLSL shaders, lights and GE improvements, snap, sky simulator, Shrinkwrap modifier, and Python editing improvements. This contained the results Project Apricot. 2.49 -- June 2009: Node-based

cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It August 2000: Interactive 3D and real-time engine. 2.10 -- December 2000: New engine, physics, and Python. 2.20 -- August 2001: Character animation system. 2.21 -- October 2001: Blender Publisher launch release, cool GLSL shaders, lights and GE improvements, snap, sky simulator, Shrinkwrap modifier, and Python editing improvements. This contained the results Project Apricot. 2.49 -- June 2009: Node-based

cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It August 2000: Interactive 3D and real-time engine. 2.10 -- December 2000: New engine, physics, and Python. 2.20 -- August 2001: Character animation system. 2.21 -- October 2001: Blender Publisher launch release, cool GLSL shaders, lights and GE improvements, snap, sky simulator, Shrinkwrap modifier, and Python editing improvements. This contained the results Project Apricot. 2.49 -- June 2009: Node-based

Movie Clip Editor Dope Sheet Timeline Graph Editor Drivers Editor Nonlinear Animation Text Editor Python Console Info Editor Outliner 屬性 File Browser Asset Browser Spreadsheet Preferences Scenes & Objects Operators Blender's Directory Layout Appendices 障礙排除 Startup 3D Viewport Graphics Hardware Crashes Python Errors Recovering Data Compatibility Glossary Get Involved This manual is maintained largely by cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It

Movie Clip Editor Dope Sheet Timeline Graph Editor Drivers Editor Nonlinear Animation Text Editor Python Console Info Editor Outliner 屬性 File Browser Asset Browser Spreadsheet Preferences Scenes & Objects Operators Blender's Directory Layout Appendices 障礙排除 Startup 3D Viewport Graphics Hardware Crashes Python Errors Recovering Data Compatibility Glossary Get Involved This manual is maintained largely by cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It

Movie Clip Editor Dope Sheet Timeline Graph Editor Drivers Editor Nonlinear Animation Text Editor Python Console Info Editor Outliner 屬性 File Browser Asset Browser Spreadsheet Preferences Scenes & Objects Operators Blender's Directory Layout Appendices 障礙排除 Startup 3D Viewport Graphics Hardware Crashes Python Errors Recovering Data Compatibility Glossary Get Involved This manual is maintained largely by cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It

Movie Clip Editor Dope Sheet Timeline Graph Editor Drivers Editor Nonlinear Animation Text Editor Python Console Info Editor Outliner 屬性 File Browser Asset Browser Spreadsheet Preferences Scenes & Objects Operators Blender's Directory Layout Appendices 障礙排除 Startup 3D Viewport Graphics Hardware Crashes Python Errors Recovering Data Compatibility Glossary Manual Index Get Involved This manual is maintained cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow.

Movie Clip Editor Dope Sheet Timeline Graph Editor Drivers Editor Nonlinear Animation Text Editor Python Console Info Editor Outliner 屬性 File Browser Asset Browser Spreadsheet Preferences Scenes & Objects Operators Blender's Directory Layout Appendices 障礙排除 Startup 3D Viewport Graphics Hardware Crashes Python Errors Recovering Data Compatibility Glossary Manual Index Get Involved This manual is maintained cross platform, with an OpenGL GUI that is uniform on all major platforms (and customizable with Python scripts). It has a high-quality 3D architecture, enabling fast and efficient creation workflow. It