Debugging the BPF Virtual Machine Lorenzo Fontana October 28, 2020 ● Debugging is useful to understand how things work ● Sometimes, eBPF programs can’t even load ● I couldn’t find good resources on this this, so, here I am ● I break lots of eBPF programs ● The BPF Virtual machine is not easy to understand Why ? The BPF subsystem lives in the kernel AND The kernel can be debugged using gdb The

Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 2 Who Doesn’t Recognize This?? 1990 Borland Turbo C++Cppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 3 Background ● Experience – Medium.com (https://medium.com/@rudmerriam)Cppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 4 Polymorphism ● Greek: “many forms” (Obligatory statement) ● The use of a single variableCppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 5 Polymorphic Variables ● Base class pointer to derived class – Virtual functions are not bad! ● Standard Template Library

carePhoto by Tech Nick on unsplashSimple benchmark class Base { public: int concrete() const; virtual int virt() const; }; void benchmark(Base *b, size_t num_iterations) { auto start = Clock::now(); virt_duration = end-start;There are interesting technical details and surprising conclusions that virtual functions can be actually faster. Since CPU architectures are mentioned, I'd expect to see deep nt-vs-inheritance-vs-other- ways-performanceDoes it even matter?Conclusions ● The notion that “virtual functions are slower” is flat out wrong. ○ Which is not to say they are faster ○ Some of the suggested

name, const NodeConfig& config) : SyncActionNode(name, config) {} // You must override this virtual function NodeStatus tick() override { std::cout << "Type: [ApproachEnemy]. Instance:" <<

#IstioCon Is Your Virtual Machine Really Ready-to-go with Istio? Kailun Qin, Intel Haoyuan Ge #IstioCon Quick Summary (from Google Cloud Next ’19 [1]) VM works on Istio! [1] Istio Service Mesh Hybrid and Multi Clouds #IstioCon Istio VM Integration is? A Tumultuous Odyssey… [1] Istio 1.8: A Virtual Machine Integration Odyssey, Jimmy Song #IstioCon V0.2 Mesh Expansion ● Prerequisites ○ IP connectivity the workloads themselves #IstioCon V1.6-1.8 Better VM Workload Abstraction Item Kubernetes Virtual Machine Basic schedule unit Pod WorkloadEntry Component Deployment WorkloadGroup Service registry

#IstioCon Building resilient systems inside the mesh: abstraction and automation of Virtual Service generation Vladimir Georgiev, Thought Machine #IstioCon Sync calls failures inside the mesh implement this to be language agnostic? #IstioCon Virtual Services API ● Solves our problems, but… ● All Service Owners must be aware of the Virtual Services API in order to define their SLOs. ● Potential errors when dealing with YAMLs. ● Potential drift between the state of the service API and the Virtual Service config. ● Hard to manage when having hundreds of services. #IstioCon Abstracting to proto

Requirements 263 Operating System 263 Storage 263 Security 264 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 264 Virtual Machine Type 264 Compute 264 Memory 264 Network 264 Storage 264 Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Ephemeral 265 AWS Recommendations 265 Master 265 Segments 265 Google Compute Platform (GCP) 266 Virtual Machine Type 266 VMware Greenplum 6 Documentation VMware, Inc 11 Compute 266 Memory 266 Network Network 266 Storage 266 GCP Recommendations 267 Master and Segment Instances 267 Azure 267 Virtual Machine Type 268 Compute 268 Memory 268 Network 268 Storage 268 Azure Recommendations 269 Master

Recommendations 251 Operating System 251 Storage 252 Security 252 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 252 Virtual Machine Type 252 Compute 252 Memory 252 Network 253 Storage 253 Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Compute Platform (GCP) 254 Virtual Machine Type 254 Compute 254 Memory 254 Network 254 Storage 254 GCP Recommendations 255 Master and Segment Instances 255 Azure 255 Virtual Machine Type 256 Compute Snapshots 271 Transaction ID Wraparound 272 Transaction Isolation Modes 273 Removing Dead Rows from Tables 274 Example of Managing Transaction IDs 275 Simple MVCC Example 276 Managing Simultaneous Transactions

Recommendations 255 Operating System 255 Storage 255 Security 256 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 256 Virtual Machine Type 256 Compute 256 Memory 256 Network 256 Storage 256 Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Compute Platform (GCP) 258 Virtual Machine Type 258 Compute 258 Memory 258 Network 258 Storage 258 GCP Recommendations 259 Master and Segment Instances 259 Azure 259 Virtual Machine Type 260 Compute Snapshots 275 Transaction ID Wraparound 276 Transaction Isolation Modes 276 Removing Dead Rows from Tables 278 Example of Managing Transaction IDs 279 Simple MVCC Example 280 Managing Simultaneous Transactions

Requirements 281 Operating System 281 Storage 282 Security 282 Amazon Web Services (AWS) 282 Virtual Machine Type 282 Compute 282 Memory 282 Network 283 Storage 283 Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Compute Platform (GCP) 284 Virtual Machine Type 284 Compute 284 Memory 284 Network 284 Storage 284 GCP Recommendations 285 Master and Segment Instances 285 Azure 285 Virtual Machine Type 286 Compute Serializable Isolation Level 306 About Setting the Transaction Isolation Level 306 Removing Dead Rows from Tables 307 Example of Managing Transaction IDs 308 Simple MVCC Example 308 Managing Simultaneous Transactions